Liste Inverse anglaise

Glossary of terms

Crédit : nous avons largement utilisé le glossaire de Morgan Burke, que l'on peut trouver dans la FAQ du forum sur l'escrime. Les traductions sont de notre cru.

Absence of blade : Absence de fer.: when the blades are not touching; opposite of engagement.
Advance : Marche.: a movement forward by step, cross, or balestra.
Aids : Aides.: the last three fingers of the sword hand.
Assault : Assaut, Combat.: friendly combat between two fencers.
Attack : Attaque.: the initial offensive action made by extending the sword arm and continuously threatening the valid target of the opponent.
Attack au Fer : Attaque au fer: an attack that is prepared by deflecting the opponent's blade, eg. beat, froissement, pressure.
Balestra : Balestra: a forward hop or jump, typically followed by an attack such as a lunge or fleche.
Bayonet : Connecteur à baïonnette: a type of electrical connector for weapons.
Beat : Battement: an attempt to knock the opponent's blade aside or out of line by using one's foible or middle against the opponent's foible.
Bind : Liement: an action in which the opponent's blade is forced into the diagonally opposite line.
Black Card : Carton noir: used to indicate the most serious offences in a fencing competition. The offending fencer is usually expelled from the event or tournament.
Bout : Match: an assault at which the score is kept.
Broadsword : Estramaçon: a military sword and fencing weapon popular in the 18th-19th centuries, similar to a heavy sabre; any straight-bladed, double- edged, single- handed cutting sword of the post-medieval period.
Broken Time : Changement de Rythme: a sudden change in the tempo of one fencer's actions, used to fool the opponent into responding at the wrong time.
Button : Mouche; Bouton: the safety tip on the end of practice swords.
Change of Engagement : Changement d'engagement: engagement of the opponent's blade in the opposite line.
Compound : Attaque composée ou parade composée: also composed; an attack or riposte incorporating one or more feints to the opposite line that the action finishes in.
Conversation : Conversation: the back-and-forth play of the blades in a fencing match, composed of phrases (phrases d'armes) punctuated by gaps of no blade action.
Corps-a-corps : Corps à corps: lit. "body-to-body"; physical contact between the two fencers during a bout, illegal in foil and sabre.
Counter-attack : Contre-attaque: an attack made against the right-of-way, or in response to the opponent's attack.
Counter-disengage : Contre-dégagement: a disengage in the opposite direction, to deceive the counter-parry.
Counter-parry : Contre-parade: a parry made in the opposite line to the attack; ie. the defender first comes around to the opposite side of the opponent's blade.
Counter-riposte : Contre-riposte: an attack that follows a parry of the opponent's riposte.
Counter-time : Contre-temps: an attack that responds to the opponent's counter- attack, typically a riposte following the parry of the counter-attack.
Coulé : Coulé: also graze, glise', or glissade; an attack or feint that slides along the opponent's blade.
Coup lancé : See flick ; "Coup déjà lancé" (Art. 32.2; 46; 47) :: a launched hit; an attack that starts before a stop in play but lands after. Valid for normal halts, but not valid at end of time.
Coupé : Coupé: also cut-over; an attack or deception that passes around the opponent's tip.
Croisé : Croisé: also semi-bind; an action in which the opponent's blade is forced into the high or low line on the same side.
Cross : Passe avant, passe arrière: an advance or retreat by crossing one leg over the other; also passe' avant (forward cross), passe' arriere (backwards cross).
Cut : Coup de taille: an attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, landing with the edge or point.
Deception : Dérobement: avoidance of an attempt to engage the blades; see disengage, coupe'
Derobement : Dérobement: deception of the attack au fer or prise de fer.
Direct : Coup droit: an attack or riposte that finishes in the same line in which it was formed, with no feints out of that line.
Disengage : Dégagement: a circular movement of the blade that deceives the opponent's parry, removes the blades from engagement, or changes the line of engagement.
Displacement : Esquive: moving the target to avoid an attack; dodging.
Double : Coup double: in epee, two attacks that arrive within 40-50 ms of each other.
Doublé : Doublé: an attack or riposte that describes a complete circle around the opponent's blade, and finishes in the opposite line.
Dry : Fleuret (épée, sabre) mécanique: also steam; fencing without electric scoring aids.
Engagement : Engagement: when the blades are in contact with each other, eg. during a parry, attack au fer, prise de fer, or coule'.
En Garde : En garde: also On Guard; the fencing position; the stance that fencers assume when preparing to fence.
Envelopment : Enveloppement: an engagement that sweeps the opponent's blade through a full circle.
Epee : Épée: a fencing weapon with triangular cross-section blade and a large bell guard; also a light duelling sword of similar design, popular in the mid-19th century.
False : Fausse attaque: an action that is intended to fail, but draw a predicted reaction from the opponent; also, the back edge of a sabre blade.
Feint : Feinte: attacking into one line with the intention of switching to another line before the attack is completed.
Fencing Time : Temps d'escrime: also temps d'escrime; the time required to complete a single, simple fencing action.
FIE : FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime): Federation Internationale d'Escrime, the world governing body of fencing.
Finta in tempo : Finta in tempo: lit. "feint in time"; a feint of counter-attack that draws a counter-time parry, which is decieved.
Fleche : Flèche: lit. "arrow"; an attack in which the aggressor leaps off his leading foot, attempts to make the hit, and then passes the opponent at a run.
Flick : Coup lancé, "Bingo": a cut-like action that lands with the point, often involving some whip of the foible of the blade to "throw" the point around a block or other obstruction.
Florentine : Combat à la florentine: a fencing style where a secondary weapon or other instrument is used in the off hand.
Flying Parry or Riposte :: a parry with a backwards glide and riposte by cut-over.
Foible : Le faible de la lame: the upper, weak part of the blade.
Foil : Fleuret: a fencing weapon with rectangular cross-section blade and a small bell guard; any sword that has been buttoned to render it less dangerous for practice.
Forte : Le fort de la lame: the lower, strong part of the blade.
French Grip : Poignée droite: a traditional hilt with a slightly curved grip and a large pommel.
Froissement : Froissement: an attack that displaces the opponent's blade by a strong grazing action.
Glide : Coulé: see coule'.
Guard : Coquille: the metal cup or bow that protects the hand from being hit. Also, the defensive position assumed when not attacking.
Hilt : Garde: the handle of a sword, consisting of guard, grip, and pommel.
Homologated : Homologué: certified for use in FIE competitions, eg. 800N clothing and maraging blades.
In Quartata : In quartata: an attack made with a quarter turn to the inside, concealing the front but exposing the back.
In Time : Coup de temps: when a stop-hit arrives at least one fencing time before the original attack.
Indirect : Attaque indirecte: an attack or riposte that finishes in the opposite line to which it was formed, by means of a disengage or coupe'.
Insistence : Coup droit d'autorité: forcing an attack through the parry.
Interception :: a counter-attack that intercepts and checks an indirect attack or other disengagement.
Invitation : Invite: a line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack.
Italian Grip : Poignée italienne: a traditional hilt with finger rings and crossbar.
Jury : Jury: the 4 officials who watch for hits in a dry fencing bout.
Lamé : Plastron électrique: a metallic vest/jacket used to detect valid touches in foil and sabre.
Line : Ligne: the main direction of an attack (eg., high/low, inside/outside), often equated to the parry that must be made to deflect the attack; also point in line.
Lunge : Fente: an attack made by extending the rear leg and landing on the bent front leg.
Mal-parry : Parade insuffisante: also mal-paré; a parry that fails to prevent the attack from landing.
Manipulators : Manipulateurs: the thumb and index finger of the sword hand.
Maraging : Maraging: a special steel used for making blades; said to be stronger and break more cleanly than conventional steels.
Marker Points :: an old method of detecting hits using inked points.
Martingale : Martingale: a strap that binds the grip to the wrist/forearm.
Match : Match: the aggregate of bouts between two fencing teams.
Measure : Mesure: the distance between the fencers.
Middle : Milieu de la lame: the middle third of the blade, between foible and forte.
Neuvieme : "Septime haute": an unconventional parry (#9) sometimes described as blade behind the back, pointing down (a variant of octave), other times similar to elevated sixte.
Octave : Octave: parry #8; blade down and to the outside, wrist supinated.
Opposition : Opposition: holding the opponent's blade in a non-threatening line; a time- hit; any attack or counter-attack with opposition.
Parry : Parade: a block of the attack, made with the forte of one's own blade.
Pass : Dépassement: an attack made with a cross; eg. fleche, "Russian lunge". Also, the act of moving past the opponent.
Passata-sotto : Passata Sotto: a lunge made by dropping one hand to the floor.
Passé : Coup passé: an attack that passes the target without hitting; also a cross- step (see cross).
Phrase : Phrases d'armes: a set of related actions and reactions in a fencing conversation.
Piste : Piste: the linear strip on which a fencing bout is fought; approx. 2m wide and 14m long.
Pistol Grip : Crosse; poignée orthopédique: a modern, orthopaedic grip, shaped vaguely like a small pistol; varieties are known by names such as Belgian, German, Russian, and Visconti.
Plaqué : Coup plaqué: a point attack that lands flat.
Plastron : Plastron: a partial jacket worn for extra protection; typically a half- jacket worn under the main jacket on the weapon-arm side of the body.
Point : Touche: a valid touch; the tip of the sword; an attack made with the point (ie. a thrust)
Point in Line : Menace: also line; an extended arm and blade that threatens the opponent.
Pommel : Pommeau: a fastener that attaches the grip to the blade.
Preparation : Préparation: the initial phase of an attack, before right-of-way is established.
Presentation :: offering one's blade for engagement by the opponent.
Press : Presser v. pression: an attempt to push the opponent's blade aside or out of line; depending on the opponent's response, the press is followed by a direct or indirect attack.
Prime : Prime: parry #1; blade down and to the inside, wrist pronated.
Principle of Defence : Principe de défense: the use of forte against foible when parrying.
Priority : Priorité: in sabre, the now-superceded rules that decide which fencer will be awarded the touch in the event that they both attack simultaneously; also used synonymously with right-of-way.
Prise de Fer : Prise de fer: also taking the blade; an engagement of the blades that forces the opponent's weapon into a new line. See : bind, croise, envelopment, opposition.
Quarte : Quarte: parry #4; blade up and to the inside, wrist supinated.
Quinte : Quinte: parry #5; blade up and to the inside, wrist pronated. In sabre, the blade is held above the head to protect from head cuts.
Rapier : Rapière: a long, double-edged thrusting sword popular in the 16th- 17th centuries.
Red Card : Carton rouge: used to indicate repeated minor rule infractions or a major rule infraction by one of the fencers; results in a point being given to the other fencer.
Redoublement : Redoublement: a new action that follows an attack that missed or was parried; see also Reprise.
Referee : Arbitre, Président: also director, president; the mediator of the fencing bout.
Remise : Remise: immediate replacement of an attack that missed or was parried, without withdrawing the arm.
Reprise : Reprise: renewal of an attack that missed or was parried, after a return to en-garde; see also Redoublement.
Retreat : Retraite: step back; opposite of advance.
Right-of-way : Raison, Priorité: rules for awarding the point in the event of a double touch in foil or sabre.
Riposte : Riposte: an attack made immediately after a parry of the opponent's attack.
Sabre : Sabre: a fencing weapon with a flat blade and knuckle guard, used with cutting or thrusting actions; a military sword popular in the 18th to 20th centuries; any cutting sword used by cavalry.
Salle : Salle d'armes: a fencing hall or club.
Salute : Salut: with the weapon, a customary acknowledgement of one's opponent and referee at the start and end of the bout.
Second Intention : Seconde intention: a false action used to draw a response from the opponent, which will open the opportunity for the intended action that follows, typically a counter-riposte.
Seconde : Seconde: parry #2; blade down and to the outside, wrist pronated.
Septime : Septime: parry #7; blade down and to the inside, wrist supinated.
Simple : Attaque simple: an attack (or riposte) that involves no feints.
Simultaneous : Attaques simultanées: in foil and sabre, two attacks for which the right-of- way is too close to determine.
Single Stick : Canne: a form of fencing with basket-hilted wooden sticks.
Sixte : Sixte: parry #6; blade up and to the outside, wrist supinated.
Small Sword : Dague: a light duelling sword popular in the 18th century, precursor to the foil.
Stop Hit : Coup d'arrêt: a counter-attack that hits; also a counter-attack whose touch is valid by virtue of it's timing.
Stop Cut : Coup d'arrêt: a stop-hit with the edge in sabre, typically to the cuff.
Three Prong : "Fil de corps épée": a type of epee body wire/connector; also an old- fashioned tip that would snag clothing, to make it easier to detect hits in the pre-electric era.
Thrown Point : Coup lancé, "bingo": a "flick".
Thrust : Coup de pointe, coup d'estoc: an attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and landing with the point.
Tierce : Tierce: parry #3; blade up and to the outside, wrist pronated.
Time Hit : Coup de temps: also time-thrust; old name for stop hit with opposition.
Trompement : Trompement: deception of the parry.
Two Prong : "Fil de corps fleuret / sabre": a type of body-wire/connector, used in foil and sabre.
Whip-over : Coup fouetté: in sabre, a touch that results from the foible of the blade whipping over the opponent's guard or blade when parried.
Whites : "Tenue": fencing clothing.
Yellow Card : Carton jaune: also advertissement, warning; used to indicate a minor rule infraction by one of the fencers.

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